{"id":16467,"date":"2026-02-27T13:49:08","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T13:49:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sublio.com\/non-categorise\/filter-media\/"},"modified":"2026-05-05T12:48:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T12:48:11","slug":"filter-media","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sublio.com\/en\/biotechnological-data\/filter-media\/","title":{"rendered":"Filter media"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"16467\" class=\"elementor elementor-16467 elementor-16459\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d51a971 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d51a971\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2c2dfc e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2c2dfc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2057f25 uptitle-font elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2057f25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWHEN SCIENCE MEETS EXCELLENCE\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-509ed39 animated-fast elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"509ed39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hyperionised water: filtration, filter media compatibility and detailed physical &amp; chemical explanations<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2527f97 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2527f97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-155ac61 animated-fast elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"155ac61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:50}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAs featured in:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f160e60 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f160e60\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fe1fe7 animated-fast elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"9fe1fe7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;slides_to_scroll&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:0,&quot;speed&quot;:3000,&quot;image_spacing_custom&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:80,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;image_spacing_custom_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:40,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carrousel d\u2019images\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 7\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Fichier-811.svg\" alt=\"File 811\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 7\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Fichier-711.svg\" alt=\"File 711\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 7\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Fichier-611.svg\" alt=\"File 611\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 of 7\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Fichier-511-1.svg\" alt=\"File 511\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"5 of 7\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Fichier-411-1.svg\" alt=\"File 411\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"6 of 7\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Fichier-311-1.svg\" alt=\"File 311\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"7 of 7\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Fichier-211-1.svg\" alt=\"211 file\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dcbd41 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9dcbd41\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-522287c e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"522287c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1498c6b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1498c6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hyperionised water has a hyperionic state, i.e. a specific physical &amp; chemical equilibrium involving the distribution of dissolved ions, their electrostatic interactions, their solvation (ion-water molecule interaction) and electrochemical parameters (redox\/ORP potential, ionic activities, etc.).<\/p><p>This state can be altered when water is circulated through filtration systems designed for &#8220;conventional&#8221; water, as some filter media do more than simply retain particles: they adsorb, exchange or reconfigure ions at the solid\/water interface. In this case, the filter becomes a chemical actor capable of neutralising the hyperionic state. <\/p><p>A filter can do more than &#8220;filter&#8221;: certain materials interact with the water and can gradually diminish its properties.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af264bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"af264bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1) The key principle: the hyperionic state is sensitive to solid interfaces\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-835a832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"835a832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1.1 Water is not \"the same\" near a surface: the electric double layer<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a05e9e5 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a05e9e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When water comes into contact with a solid, an <strong>electric double layer<\/strong> (EDL) is formed:<\/p><ul><li>a layer of ions &#8220;bound&#8221; to the surface (Stern layer),<\/li><li>a diffuse layer where ions are distributed according to electrical potential.<\/li><\/ul><p><br>This arrangement depends on the water&#8217;s ionic strength, defined by:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fa009f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1fa009f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-1-768x512.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15863\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-1-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-1-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-1.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb7edda elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb7edda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>where c<sub><em>i<\/em><\/sub> is the molar concentration of ion <em>i<\/em> and z<sub><em>i<\/em><\/sub> is its charge.<\/p><p>The typical &#8220;size&#8221; of the electrostatic interfacial region is the Debye length:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1308da elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a1308da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"368\" height=\"146\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-2.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15864\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-2.png 368w, https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-2-300x119.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd744c2 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd744c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>\u03b5<sub><em>r<\/em><\/sub>: relative permittivity of water<\/li><li><sub>\u03b50<\/sub>: permittivity of free space<\/li><li><em>k<\/em><sub><em>B:<\/em><\/sub> Boltzmann constant<\/li><li><em>T<\/em>: temperature (K)<\/li><li><em>N<\/em><sub><em>A:<\/em><\/sub> Avogadro&#8217;s constant<\/li><li><em>e<\/em>: elementary charge<\/li><li><em>I<\/em>: ionic strength<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><br>Interpretation:<\/strong> the more ionised the water (high <em>I<\/em>), the smaller <em>\u03bb<\/em><sub><em>D<\/em><\/sub>: the interfacial effects are highly localised but very intense.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94492cb elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"94492cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOn contact with a material, water rearranges itself into a thin \"electrical\" layer. <br>The more ions the water contains (e.g. seawater), the greater these effects.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcd8a83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dcd8a83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1.2 Electrochemical potential: why ionic balance can be \"shifted\" by a medium\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b04994a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b04994a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The behaviour of an ion in water is governed by its <strong>electrochemical potential<\/strong>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f1b9d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f1b9d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"621\" height=\"97\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-3.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15865\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-3.png 621w, https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-3-300x47.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 621px) 100vw, 621px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0b4d17 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0b4d17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><em>\u03bc<\/em><sub><em>i:<\/em><\/sub> electrochemical potential<\/li><li><em>\u03bc<\/em><sub><em>i<\/em><\/sub><sup>0<\/sup>: reference<\/li><li><em>R<\/em>: ideal gas constant<\/li><li><em>a<\/em><sub><em>i:<\/em><\/sub> activity of ion <em>i<\/em><\/li><li><em>F<\/em>: Faraday constant<\/li><li><em>\u03c8<\/em>: local electrical potential<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><br>The activity is:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd178aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fd178aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"227\" height=\"82\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-4.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15866\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c664412 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c664412\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n<em>(\u03b3<\/em><sub><em>i:<\/em><\/sub> activity coefficient,\nc<sub><em>i:<\/em><\/sub> concentration)\n<\/p>\n\n<p>\n<strong>Crucial point:<\/strong> close to a surface,\n\u03c8 <em>\u2260<\/em> 0 and the ion distribution changes.\nIf a medium filters, adsorbs or exchanges ions,\nthen <em>c<\/em><sub><em>i<\/em><\/sub>,\n<em>\u03b3<\/em><sub><em>i <\/em><\/sub>and therefore\n<em>a<\/em><sub><em>i <\/em><\/sub>change.\nThis shifts the balance that supports the hyperionic state.\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b33181d elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"b33181d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCertain materials \"attract\" or \"capture\" ions: this changes the water's internal balance, rather like removing ingredients from a recipe.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b1fc6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8b1fc6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2) Why silica-based media (sand\/glass\/diatomite) are incompatible\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b32e64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b32e64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2.1 Silica and glass: same surface chemistry (silanol groups)\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9955347 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9955347\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Filter sand (quartz), filter glass beads, diatomite and many related &#8220;mineral&#8221; media share surfaces rich in <strong>silanol groups<\/strong>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3095360 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3095360\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"82\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-5.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15867\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeee384 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aeee384\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These groups ionise according to pH:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b118d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3b118d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"645\" height=\"82\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-6.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15868\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-6.png 645w, https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-6-300x38.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03b5d6f elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03b5d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>When the surface carries \u2261SiO-<sup>,<\/sup> it becomes negative and attracts cations:<\/p><ul><li>monovalent: <sup> Na+<\/sup>, <sup> K+<\/sup><\/li><li>divalent: <sup>Ca2+<\/sup>, <sup>Mg2+<\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75d7bc5 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75d7bc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis attraction creates:\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>ionic accumulation<\/strong> at the interface,<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>partial trapping<\/strong> or specific adsorption,<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>changes in<\/strong> local <strong>activities<\/strong>,<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>rearrangement of the interfacial water layer<\/strong> (hydrogen bonding and solvation).<\/li>\n<\/ul><br>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ed0b6 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"c3ed0b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSand and glass are not neutral: their surfaces carry charges that attract ions and modify the water passing through.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e28ae0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e28ae0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2.2 The \"total surface area\" effect: why a sand filter rapidly neutralises hyperionic water\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6471ee2 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6471ee2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A filter bed (sand or glass) combines:<\/p><ul><li>a large <strong>specific surface area<\/strong> (aggregates),<\/li><li>high <strong>contact time<\/strong> (deep bed),<\/li><li><strong>repeated passes<\/strong> (pool\/spa recirculation).<\/li><\/ul><p><br>Even if the interaction &#8220;per cm\u00b2&#8221; is low, the total effect becomes dominant, as the number of interfacial sites is enormous.<\/p><p>Interfacial capture can be represented by simplified adsorption kinetics (schematic):<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39472a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"39472a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"577\" height=\"115\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-7.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15869\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-7.png 577w, https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-7-300x60.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 577px) 100vw, 577px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab4c042 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab4c042\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n  <li><em>q<\/em>: adsorbed quantity<\/li>\n  <li><em>C<\/em>: solution concentration<\/li>\n  <li><em>\u03b8<\/em>: fraction of occupied sites<\/li>\n  <li><em>k<\/em><sub><em>a<\/em><\/sub>, <em>k<\/em><sub><em>d:<\/em><\/sub> adsorption\/desorption constants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-675a01f elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"675a01f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If the total surface area is large, the filter&#8217;s effective capacity to &#8220;rearrange\/capture&#8221; increases sharply.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2892d9 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"c2892d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe more surface area in contact (fine sand, large filter, continuous circulation), the more the water is \"reconditioned\" by the medium... and the more its properties diminish.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-300337a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"300337a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2.3 Diatomite: an aggravating example\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-584453e elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"584453e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDiatomite (diatomaceous earth) is a highly <strong>porous<\/strong> silica with a very <strong>large specific surface area<\/strong>. Therefore: \n<ul>\n \t<li>more active interfaces,<\/li>\n \t<li>accelerated capture\/rearrangement effects.<\/li>\n<\/ul><br>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f45d7b elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"7f45d7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDiatomite is highly porous, further amplifying interactions with water, making it particularly unfavourable.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-435433c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"435433c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3) Zeolites: ion exchange (\"chemical\" media, not just filter media)\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a135fc elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a135fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZeolites are microporous aluminosilicates used specifically for <strong>ion exchange<\/strong>.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ddadfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ddadfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3.1 Typical exchange reactions\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa425c8 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa425c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Schematic examples:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7106e64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7106e64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"738\" height=\"82\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-8.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15870\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-8.png 738w, https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-8-300x33.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 738px) 100vw, 738px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84783c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"84783c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"74\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-9-768x74.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15871\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-9-768x74.png 768w, https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-9-300x29.png 300w, https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-9.png 948w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-292a67f elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"292a67f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis directly modifies:\n<ul>\n \t<li>ionic composition (cations),<\/li>\n \t<li>ionic strength <em>I<\/em>,<\/li>\n \t<li>activities <em>a<\/em><sub><em>i<\/em><\/sub>,<\/li>\n \t<li>balances associated with the hyperionic state.<\/li>\n<\/ul><br>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b090d86 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"b090d86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tA zeolite acts like an \"ion sponge\": it transforms water chemistry by exchanging ions.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ad0c1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ad0c1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4) Activated carbon: massive adsorption + electrochemical impacts (ORP)\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-269dc3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"269dc3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4.1 Adsorption: why it upsets the balance\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-484fd4d elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"484fd4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Activated carbon has a very high specific surface area and adsorbs a large number of dissolved species.<br>Two classic models:<\/p><p><strong>Langmuir<\/strong>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57d2e69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"57d2e69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"266\" height=\"114\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-10.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15872\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75ec80b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75ec80b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><strong>Freundlich:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e89ed1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6e89ed1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"290\" height=\"92\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-11.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15873\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbc55a8 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbc55a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><em>q<\/em>: mass adsorbed by carbon mass<\/li><li><em>C<\/em>: solution concentration<\/li><li><em>K<\/em>, <em>K<\/em><sub><em>F, <\/em><\/sub><em>n<\/em>: constants<\/li><\/ul><p><br>Adsorption removes dissolved species and shifts the solution balances.<br>For a hyperionic state that depends on an ionic\/solvation equilibrium,<br>it is structurally unfavourable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06bcdd6 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"06bcdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tActivated carbon is designed to \"suck out\" what is dissolved. However, to preserve a particular state of the water, you need to avoid a material that constantly removes elements. \t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cf1619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cf1619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4.2 ORP \/ redox: Nernst relationship\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1db8f1 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d1db8f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The redox potential follows (for a given pair):<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fb9b20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6fb9b20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"417\" height=\"104\" src=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-12.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-15874\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-12.png 417w, https:\/\/sublio.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formule-medias-filtrants-12-300x75.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fef6ae elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fef6ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><em>E<\/em>: measured potential<\/li><li><sup>E0<\/sup>: standard potential<\/li><li><em>n<\/em>: number of electrons exchanged<\/li><li><em>Q<\/em>: reaction quotient<\/li><\/ul><p><br>Carbon surfaces can promote certain surface reactions (adsorption + electron transfer), locally modifying <em>Q and <\/em>therefore <em>E<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3554ec elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"a3554ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tA medium can also influence the \"oxidising\/reducing\" balance of the water: this can contribute to destabilising the desired state.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-210adc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"210adc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5) Golden rule: \"the more chemically efficient, the more incompatible\".\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65830cb elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65830cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A &#8220;high chemical performance&#8221; filter medium (adsorption, ion exchange, active surface, microporosity) is not neutral. Hyperionised water needs a hydraulic and filtering environment <strong>that filters without reintroducing chemicals<\/strong>. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0116156 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"0116156\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFilters that modify water the most (carbon, zeolite, silica) are precisely those to be avoided.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78467e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78467e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6) Compatible media: neutral mechanical filtration\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80b8f40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"80b8f40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6.1 PP\/PE polymers (polypropylene\/polyethylene)\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ce2697 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ce2697\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThese media (cartridges, bags, filter elements) are preferred because:\n<ul>\n \t<li>relatively neutral surface,<\/li>\n \t<li>no structural ion exchange,<\/li>\n \t<li>no massive adsorption,<\/li>\n \t<li>interception\/screening filtration.<\/li>\n<\/ul><br>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4aae4af elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"4aae4af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPolymer cartridges retain particles without \"capturing\" ions: they preserve water better.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b0f4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97b0f4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6.2 Cellulose (cotton\/paper\/fibers)\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-847fdf6 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"847fdf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMechanical filtration media:\n<ul>\n \t<li>effective on particles,<\/li>\n \t<li>chemical interactions are generally weak compared with active mineral media.<\/li>\n<\/ul><br>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb775be elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"fb775be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFibre filters act like a \"fine sieve\" and better respect the balance of the water.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80e65cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"80e65cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6.3 Stainless steel strainers<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fdda0f elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fdda0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mechanical filtration media:<\/p><ul><li>high-performance water purification,<\/li><li>no chemical interaction.<br><br><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59c2999 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"59c2999\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tStainless steel strainers are perfectly compatible with Sublio technology.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1777e4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1777e4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7) Practical recommendations (pool, spa, thalassotherapy facility, seawater)\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0792ae2 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0792ae2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Pools \/ spas<\/strong>: prefer stainless steel strainers, PP\/PE cartridges and\/or cellulose fibrous media.<\/li><li><strong>Seawater<\/strong>: extra care, as high ionic strength \u2192 stronger interfacial interactions.<\/li><li><strong>Sanitary water \/ networks<\/strong>: aim for stability + neutrality, strictly avoid mechanically active media.<br><br><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52d69db elementor-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"52d69db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm-28.9 143.6l75.5 72.4H120c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24v16c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h182.6l-75.5 72.4c-9.7 9.3-9.9 24.8-.4 34.3l11 10.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L404.3 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L271.6 106.3c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-11 10.9c-9.5 9.6-9.3 25.1.4 34.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSummary for the general public\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe more salt-laden the water (seawater), the more \"neutral\" filtration is required.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f40c1d6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f40c1d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28365ca elementor-widget-tablet__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28365ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload this page in pdf format\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbd4f6d elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"dbd4f6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/en\/medias_filtrants_fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Click here<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>WHEN SCIENCE MEETS EXCELLENCE Hyperionised water: filtration, filter media compatibility and detailed physical &amp; chemical explanations As featured in: Hyperionised water has a hyperionic state, i.e. a specific physical &amp; chemical equilibrium involving the distribution of dissolved ions, their electrostatic interactions, their solvation (ion-water molecule interaction) and electrochemical parameters (redox\/ORP potential, ionic activities, etc.). This [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biotechnological-data"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Filter media - Sublio<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sublio.com\/en\/biotechnological-data\/filter-media\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Filter media - Sublio\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"WHEN SCIENCE MEETS EXCELLENCE Hyperionised water: filtration, filter media compatibility and detailed physical &amp; chemical explanations As featured in: Hyperionised water has a hyperionic state, i.e. a specific physical &amp; chemical equilibrium involving the distribution of dissolved ions, their electrostatic interactions, their solvation (ion-water molecule interaction) and electrochemical parameters (redox\/ORP potential, ionic activities, etc.). 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